Module org.cicirello.chips_n_salsa

Package org.cicirello.search.operators.reals

Class UndoableCauchyMutation<T extends RealValued>

java.lang.Object

org.cicirello.search.operators.reals.UndoableCauchyMutation<T>

Type Parameters:

T - The specific RealValued type.

All Implemented Interfaces:

Splittable<MutationOperator<T>>, MutationOperator<T>, UndoableMutationOperator<T>, RealValued, Copyable<UndoableCauchyMutation<T>>

public class UndoableCauchyMutation<T extends RealValued>
extends Object
implements Copyable<UndoableCauchyMutation<T>>

This class implements Cauchy mutation with support for the UndoableMutationOperator.undo(T) method. Cauchy mutation is for mutating floating-point values. This class can be used to mutate objects of any of the classes that implement the RealValued interface, including both univariate and multivariate function input objects.

In a Cauchy mutation, a value v is mutated by adding a randomly generated m such that m is drawn from a Cauchy distribution with location parameter 0 (i.e., median 0) and scale parameter, scale. It is commonly employed in evolutionary computation when mutating real valued parameters. It is an alternative to the slightly more common Gaussian mutation (see the GaussianMutation class). Gaussian mutation has better convergence properties, however, due to the heavy-tailed nature of the Cauchy distribution, Cauchy mutation can sometimes escape local optima better than Gaussian mutation (i.e., Cauchy mutation is more likely than Gaussian mutation to make large jumps).

This mutation operator also implements the RealValued interface to enable implementation of metaheuristics that mutate their own mutation parameters. That is, you can pass a CauchyMutation object to the MutationOperator.mutate(T) method of a CauchyMutation object.

To construct a CauchyMutation, you must use one of the factory methods. See the various createCauchyMutation() methods.

Cauchy mutation was introduced in the following article:
H.H. Szu and R.L. Hartley. Nonconvex optimization by fast simulated annealing. Proceedings of the IEEE, 75(11): 1538–1540, November 1987.

Method Summary

Modifier and Type	Method	Description
UndoableCauchyMutation<T>	copy()	Creates an identical copy of this object.
static <T extends RealValued> UndoableCauchyMutation<T>	createCauchyMutation()	Creates a Cauchy mutation operator with scale parameter equal to 1 that supports the undo operation.
static <T extends RealValued> UndoableCauchyMutation<T>	createCauchyMutation(double scale)	Creates a Cauchy mutation operator that supports the undo operation.
static <T extends RealValued> UndoableCauchyMutation<T>	createCauchyMutation(double scale, double p)	Create a Cauchy mutation operator that supports the undo operation.
static <T extends RealValued> UndoableCauchyMutation<T>	createCauchyMutation(double scale, double lowerBound, double upperBound)	Creates a Cauchy mutation operator that supports the undo operation, and such that the mutate method constrains each mutated real value to lie in the interval [lowerBound, upperBound].
static <T extends RealValued> UndoableCauchyMutation<T>	createCauchyMutation(double scale, int k)	Create a Cauchy mutation operator that supports the undo operation.
final double	get(int i)	Accesses the current value of the mutation parameter.
final int	length()	Gets the number of parameters.
final void	mutate(T c)	Mutates a candidate solution to a problem, by randomly modifying its state.
final void	set(double[] values)	Sets the mutation parameter to a specified value.
final void	set(int i, double value)	Sets the mutation parameter to a specified value.
UndoableCauchyMutation<T>	split()	Generates a functionally identical copy of this object, for use in multithreaded implementations of search algorithms.
final double[]	toArray(double[] values)	Accesses the current value of the mutation parameter as an array.
final void	undo(T c)	Returns a candidate solution to its previous state prior to the most recent mutation performed.

Methods inherited from class java.lang.Object

clone, equals, finalize, getClass, hashCode, notify, notifyAll, toString, wait, wait, wait

Method Details

createCauchyMutation

public static <T extends RealValued>
UndoableCauchyMutation<T> createCauchyMutation()

Creates a Cauchy mutation operator with scale parameter equal to 1 that supports the undo operation.

Type Parameters:

T - The specific RealValued type.

Returns:

A Cauchy mutation operator.

createCauchyMutation

public static <T extends RealValued>
UndoableCauchyMutation<T> createCauchyMutation(double scale)

Creates a Cauchy mutation operator that supports the undo operation.

Type Parameters:

T - The specific RealValued type.

Parameters:

scale - The scale parameter of the Cauchy.

Returns:

A Cauchy mutation operator.

createCauchyMutation

public static <T extends RealValued>
UndoableCauchyMutation<T> createCauchyMutation(double scale,
 double lowerBound,
 double upperBound)

Creates a Cauchy mutation operator that supports the undo operation, and such that the mutate method constrains each mutated real value to lie in the interval [lowerBound, upperBound].

Type Parameters:

T - The specific RealValued type.

Parameters:

scale - The scale parameter of the Cauchy.

lowerBound - A lower bound on the result of a mutation.

upperBound - An upper bound on the result of a mutation.

Returns:

A Cauchy mutation operator.

createCauchyMutation

public static <T extends RealValued>
UndoableCauchyMutation<T> createCauchyMutation(double scale,
 int k)

Create a Cauchy mutation operator that supports the undo operation.

Type Parameters:

T - The specific RealValued type.

Parameters:

scale - The scale parameter of the Cauchy mutation.

k - The number of input variables that the MutationOperator.mutate(T) method changes when called. The k input variables are chosen uniformly at random from among all subsets of size k. If there are less than k input variables, then all are mutated.

Returns:

A Cauchy mutation operator

Throws:

IllegalArgumentException - if k < 1

createCauchyMutation

public static <T extends RealValued>
UndoableCauchyMutation<T> createCauchyMutation(double scale,
 double p)

Create a Cauchy mutation operator that supports the undo operation.

Type Parameters:

T - The specific RealValued type.

Parameters:

scale - The scale parameter of the Cauchy mutation.

p - The probability that the MutationOperator.mutate(T) method changes an input variable. If there are n input variables, then n*p input variables will be mutated on average during a single call to the MutationOperator.mutate(T) method.

Returns:

A Cauchy mutation operator

Throws:

IllegalArgumentException - if p ≤ 0

split

public UndoableCauchyMutation<T> split()

Description copied from interface: Splittable

Generates a functionally identical copy of this object, for use in multithreaded implementations of search algorithms. The state of the object that is returned may or may not be identical to that of the original. Thus, this is a distinct concept from the functionality of the Copyable interface. Classes that implement this interface must ensure that the object returned performs the same functionality, and that it does not share any state data that would be either unsafe or inefficient for concurrent access by multiple threads. The split method is allowed to simply return the this reference, provided that it is both safe and efficient for multiple threads to share a single copy of the Splittable object. The intention is to provide a multithreaded search with the capability to provide spawned threads with their own distinct search operators. Such multithreaded algorithms can call the split method for each thread it spawns to generate a functionally identical copy of the operator, but with independent state.

Specified by:

split in interface Splittable<T extends RealValued>

Specified by:

split in interface UndoableMutationOperator<T extends RealValued>

Returns:

A functionally identical copy of the object, or a reference to this if it is both safe and efficient for multiple threads to share a single instance of this Splittable object.

copy

public UndoableCauchyMutation<T> copy()

Creates an identical copy of this object.

Specified by:

copy in interface Copyable<T extends RealValued>

Returns:

an identical copy of this object

mutate

public final void mutate(T c)

Description copied from interface: MutationOperator

Mutates a candidate solution to a problem, by randomly modifying its state. The mutant that is produced is in the local neighborhood of the original candidate solution.

Specified by:

mutate in interface MutationOperator<T extends RealValued>

Parameters:

c - The candidate solution subject to the mutation. This method changes the state of c.

undo

public final void undo(T c)

Description copied from interface: UndoableMutationOperator

Returns a candidate solution to its previous state prior to the most recent mutation performed.

For example, consider the following. Let c' be the current state of c. Let c'' be the state of c after mutate(c); If we then call undo(c), the state of c should revert back to c'.

The behavior of undo is undefined if c is altered by some other process between the calls to mutate and undo. The behavior is also undefined if a different candidate is given to undo then the last given to mutate. For example, if the following two statements are executed, mutate(c); undo(d);, the effect on d is undefined as it wasn't the most recently mutated candidate solution.

Specified by:

undo in interface UndoableMutationOperator<T extends RealValued>

Parameters:

c - The candidate solution to revert.

length

public final int length()

Description copied from interface: RealValued

Gets the number of parameters.

Specified by:

length in interface RealValued

Returns:

The number of parameters for this function.

get

public final double get(int i)

Accesses the current value of the mutation parameter.

Specified by:

get in interface RealValued

Parameters:

i - Ignored.

Returns:

The current value of the mutation parameter.

toArray

public final double[] toArray(double[] values)

Accesses the current value of the mutation parameter as an array. This method implemented strictly to meet implementation requirements of RealValued interface.

Specified by:

toArray in interface RealValued

Parameters:

values - An array to hold the result. If values is null or if values.length is not equal 1, then a new array is constructed for the result.

Returns:

An array containing the current value of the mutation parameter.

set

public final void set(int i,
 double value)

Sets the mutation parameter to a specified value.

Specified by:

set in interface RealValued

Parameters:

i - Ignored.

value - The new value for the mutation parameter.

set

public final void set(double[] values)

Sets the mutation parameter to a specified value.

Specified by:

set in interface RealValued

Parameters:

values - The new value for the mutation parameter is in values[0], the rest is ignored.